Quantitative evaluation of spermatozoa ultrastructure after acupuncture treatment for idiopathic male infertility

Objective

To evaluate the ultramorphologic sperm features of idiopathic infertile men after acupuncture therapy.

Design
Prospective controlled study.

Setting
Christian-Lauritzen-Institut, Ulm, IVF center Munich, Germany, and Department of General Biology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.

Patient(s)
Forty men with idiopathic oligospermia, asthenospermia, or teratozoospermia.

Intervention(s)
Twenty eight of the patients received acupuncture twice a week over a period of 5 weeks. The samples from the treatment group were randomized with semen samples from the 12 men in the untreated control group.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Quantitative analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to evaluate the samples, using the mathematical formula based on submicroscopic characteristics.

Result(s)
Statistical evaluation of the TEM data showed a statistically significant increase after acupuncture in the percentage and number of sperm without ultrastructural defects in the total ejaculates. A statistically significant improvement was detected in acrosome position and shape, nuclear shape, axonemal pattern and shape, and accessory fibers of sperm organelles. However, specific sperm pathologies in the form of apoptosis, immaturity, and necrosis showed no statistically significant changes between the control and treatment groups before and after treatment.

Conclusion(s)
The treatment of idiopathic male infertility could benefit from employing acupuncture. A general improvement of sperm quality, specifically in the ultrastructural integrity of spermatozoa, was seen after acupuncture, although we did not identify specific sperm pathologies that could be particularly sensitive to this therapy.

Jian Pei Ph.D.a, b, , , Erwin Strehler M.D.b, Ulrich Noss M.D.c,
Markus Abt Ph.D.d, Paola Piomboni Ph.D.e, Baccio Baccetti Ph.D.e and
Karl Sterzik M.D.b

a Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
b Christian-Lauritzen-Institut, Ulm, Germany
c In Vitro Fertilization Center Munich, Munich, Germany
d Institute for Mathematics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
e Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, Section of Biology, Siena University, Siena, Italy

Received 19 February 2004; accepted 23 December 2004. Available online 9 July 2005.